Black dots on white fronts of African penguins may help them tell one another apart

A team of psychologists and animal behaviorists from the University of Turin, the University of Oulu, and Zoomarine Italia, Torvaianica-Pomezia, has found evidence indicating that the unique assortment of black dots that decorate the mostly all-white fronts of African penguins may serve as a means for allowing the penguins to tell one another apart.