Integrating non-additive GWAS with historical dissemination to illuminate nut traits and blooming time in almonds

Modern breeding focuses on genetic analyses and germplasm management and dominates in altering crop genomes, but often neglects non-additive genetic effects that are essential for understanding traits. Almond [Prunus dulcis Miller (D.A. Webb)] has significant economic and genetic research value, but current studies face limitations, including a narrow focus on additive models and limited germplasm diversity.