Permeable and robust polymer-silica hybrid armor on cell catalyst for sustainable biomanufacturing

Whole-cell catalysis is one of the several central techniques in green biomanufacturing, which can be categorized into living cell catalysis, resting cell catalysis, and inactivated cell catalysis. Among these, inactivated cell catalysis features the benefits of low-cost and simple purification of products. However, the instability and leakage of enzymes in inactivated cells restrict the practical applications of inactivated cell catalysis.