Quantifying coal burst risks: An energy-based approach to understanding geological and mining domain impacts

Catastrophic dynamic rock failure, commonly known as rock or coal burst, presents one of the most challenging problems in civil tunneling and mining. This phenomenon is typically triggered by a volatile and uncontrolled energy release from within an overstressed rock mass or coal seam during the mining process. While coal bursts occur as a result of intricate interactions among numerous factors, a major aspect of the burst mechanism is closely tied to the processes of energy storage and subsequent release.